749Psi Research ArchiveBUREAU 749

Soul Perception

Seeing or sensing souls or the dead

Reality checkMediumship research has 140 years of history (William James → University of Arizona triple-blind); the University of Virginia collected 2,500 ‘past-life memory’ children over 50+ years; Hunan’s Tongdao County officially acknowledges ‘reborn people’ exist without a scientific basis; near-death research (Lancet 2001) accepts the experience is real but the mechanism unknown.
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Ian Stevenson & UVA’s Division of Perceptual Studies (DOPS)

🎓 Academic research
University of Virginia · Division of Perceptual Studies · USA · global · 1967–

Psychiatry chair Stevenson spent 40 years collecting 2,500+ cases of children reporting ‘past-life memories’, focusing on checkable details and matching birthmarks; successor Tucker continues.

VerdictA vast archive with ongoing methodological dispute.
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Hunan Tongdao Pingyang ‘reborn people’

🏛️ Official record
Tongdao County government · CASS expert survey (2011) · China, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County Hunan · 1962–

Pingyang recorded 110+ living ‘reborn people’ — toddlers stating past-life names, addresses and causes of death and recognising past-life relatives; the official survey concluded ‘the phenomenon exists, but no scientific basis was found’.

VerdictThe world’s most concentrated ‘past-life memory’ group, on official record.
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Dutch prospective near-death study

🎓 Academic research
10 Dutch hospitals, van Lommel (Lancet 2001) · Netherlands · 1988–2001

Of 344 resuscitated cardiac-arrest patients, 18% reported near-death experiences, unrelated to hypoxia, drugs or fear.

VerdictAccepts the experience is real; mechanism unknown.
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Windbridge triple-blind mediumship experiments

🎓 Academic research
Univ of Arizona’s Schwartz → Windbridge Institute’s Beischel (Explore 2007/2015) · USA, Tucson · 2001–2015

Medium, scorer and experimenter mutually blinded; a medium’s description of a stranger’s deceased was blind-rated by relatives.

VerdictResearchers report significance; sceptics cite small samples and subjective scoring.
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The medium Leonora Piper & William James

🎓 Academic research
Harvard’s William James · American Society for Psychical Research · USA, Boston · 1885–1911

James called her the white crow proving ‘not all crows are black’; the SPR watched her for years without finding cheating.

VerdictThe most famous mediumship file left by a founding father of psychology.
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MacDougall’s ‘21 grams’ experiment

🎓 Academic research
Massachusetts doctor Duncan MacDougall (American Medicine 1907) · USA · 1907

Six dying patients on a scale; one lost 21 g at the moment of death; 15 dogs showed no change.

VerdictTiny sample, crude measurement; became a pop-culture meme.
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Chico Xavier’s psychographed letter as court evidence

🏛️ Official record
Goiás state court, Brazil · Brazil, Goiânia · 1979

A youth on trial for a fatal gun accident had the victim ‘psychographically’ write that it was an accident, with handwriting matching the deceased, and the jury acquitted 6–1.

VerdictA ‘spirit-writing’ case with a judicial file.
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19 Hz infrasound ‘the ghost in the machine’

🎓 Academic research
Coventry Univ, Vic Tandy (Journal of the SPR 1998) · UK · 1998

Lab ‘ghost’ figures and chills came from a new fan producing 19 Hz infrasound resonating the eyeballs.

VerdictExplains many ‘hauntings’.
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The James Leininger case

🎓 Academic research
UVA’s Jim Tucker (Explore 2016) · USA, Louisiana · 2000–2016

From age 2 the boy repeatedly dreamt of being shot down by the Japanese, naming the carrier ‘Natoma Bay’ and a comrade, matching a WWII pilot James Huston killed at Iwo Jima in 1945.

VerdictAmerica’s most famous ‘past-life memory’ case.
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